Running Jersey 2 Applications on Heroku

In this article we’ll create a simple Jersey application deploy it in Jetty servlet container and everything will be hosted on Heroku.

Create an Application

To create a skeleton of Jersey 2 web-app that can be run on Heroku from the jersey-heroku-webapp archetype (available since Jersey 2.5), execute the following Maven command in the directory where you want the new project should be located:

mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeArtifactId=jersey-heroku-webapp \
    -DarchetypeGroupId=org.glassfish.jersey.archetypes -DinteractiveMode=false \
    -DgroupId=com.example -DartifactId=simple-heroku-webapp -Dpackage=com.example \
    -DarchetypeVersion=2.5.1

Adjust the groupId, package and/or artifactId of your new web application project to your needs or, alternatively, you can change it by updating the new project pom.xml once it gets generated.

Once the project generation from a Jersey maven archetype is successfully finished, you should see the new simple-heroku-webapp project directory created in your current location. The directory contains a standard Maven project structure:

src/main/java – project sources
src/main/resources – project resources
src/main/webapp – project web application files
src/test/java – project test-sources (based on JerseyTest)
pom.xml – project build and management configuration
system.properties – Heroku system properties (OpenJDK version)
Procfile – lists of the process types in an application for Heroku

The project (simple-heroku-webapp) contains one JAX-RS resource class, MyResouce, and one resource method which returns simple text message. To make sure the resource is properly tested there is also an end-to-end test-case in MyResourceTest (the test is based on JerseyTest from our Jersey Test Framework). The project contains the standard Java EE web application web.xml deployment descriptor under src/main/webapp/WEB-INF since the goal is to deploy the application in a Servlet container (in our case the application will run in Jetty on Heroku).

To compile and package the application into a WAR, invoke the following maven command in your console:

mvn clean package

A successful build output will produce an output similar to the one below:

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-war-plugin:2.2:war (default-war) @ simple-heroku-webapp ---
[INFO] Packaging webapp
[INFO] Assembling webapp [simple-heroku-webapp] in [.../simple-heroku-webapp/target/simple-heroku-webapp]
[INFO] Processing war project
[INFO] Copying webapp resources [.../simple-heroku-webapp/src/main/webapp]
[INFO] Webapp assembled in [85 msecs]
[INFO] Building war: .../simple-heroku-webapp/target/simple-heroku-webapp.war
[INFO] WEB-INF/web.xml already added, skipping
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-dependency-plugin:2.8:copy-dependencies (copy-dependencies) @ simple-heroku-webapp ---
[INFO] Copying hk2-locator-2.2.0-b21.jar to .../simple-heroku-webapp/target/dependency/hk2-locator-2.2.0-b21.jar
[INFO] Copying jersey-container-servlet-core-2.5.1.jar to .../simple-heroku-webapp/target/dependency/jersey-container-servlet-core-2.5.1.jar
[INFO] Copying jetty-security-9.0.6.v20130930.jar to .../simple-heroku-webapp/target/dependency/jetty-security-9.0.6.v20130930.jar
[INFO] Copying asm-all-repackaged-2.2.0-b21.jar to .../simple-heroku-webapp/target/dependency/asm-all-repackaged-2.2.0-b21.jar
[INFO] Copying jersey-client-2.5.1.jar to .../simple-heroku-webapp/target/dependency/jersey-client-2.5.1.jar
[INFO] Copying validation-api-1.1.0.Final.jar to .../simple-heroku-webapp/target/dependency/validation-api-1.1.0.Final.jar
[INFO] Copying jetty-webapp-9.0.6.v20130930.jar to .../simple-heroku-webapp/target/dependency/jetty-webapp-9.0.6.v20130930.jar
[INFO] Copying cglib-2.2.0-b21.jar to .../simple-heroku-webapp/target/dependency/cglib-2.2.0-b21.jar
[INFO] Copying osgi-resource-locator-1.0.1.jar to .../simple-heroku-webapp/target/dependency/osgi-resource-locator-1.0.1.jar
[INFO] Copying hk2-utils-2.2.0-b21.jar to .../simple-heroku-webapp/target/dependency/hk2-utils-2.2.0-b21.jar
[INFO] Copying hk2-api-2.2.0-b21.jar to .../simple-heroku-webapp/target/dependency/hk2-api-2.2.0-b21.jar
[INFO] Copying jetty-io-9.0.6.v20130930.jar to .../simple-heroku-webapp/target/dependency/jetty-io-9.0.6.v20130930.jar
[INFO] Copying jetty-server-9.0.6.v20130930.jar to .../simple-heroku-webapp/target/dependency/jetty-server-9.0.6.v20130930.jar
[INFO] Copying jetty-util-9.0.6.v20130930.jar to .../simple-heroku-webapp/target/dependency/jetty-util-9.0.6.v20130930.jar
[INFO] Copying jersey-server-2.5.1.jar to .../simple-heroku-webapp/target/dependency/jersey-server-2.5.1.jar
[INFO] Copying jetty-http-9.0.6.v20130930.jar to .../simple-heroku-webapp/target/dependency/jetty-http-9.0.6.v20130930.jar
[INFO] Copying guava-14.0.1.jar to .../simple-heroku-webapp/target/dependency/guava-14.0.1.jar
[INFO] Copying jetty-xml-9.0.6.v20130930.jar to .../simple-heroku-webapp/target/dependency/jetty-xml-9.0.6.v20130930.jar
[INFO] Copying jersey-common-2.5.1.jar to .../simple-heroku-webapp/target/dependency/jersey-common-2.5.1.jar
[INFO] Copying javax.ws.rs-api-2.0.jar to .../simple-heroku-webapp/target/dependency/javax.ws.rs-api-2.0.jar
[INFO] Copying jetty-servlet-9.0.6.v20130930.jar to .../simple-heroku-webapp/target/dependency/jetty-servlet-9.0.6.v20130930.jar
[INFO] Copying javax.inject-2.2.0-b21.jar to .../simple-heroku-webapp/target/dependency/javax.inject-2.2.0-b21.jar
[INFO] Copying javax.servlet-3.0.0.v201112011016.jar to .../simple-heroku-webapp/target/dependency/javax.servlet-3.0.0.v201112011016.jar
[INFO] Copying javax.annotation-api-1.2.jar to .../simple-heroku-webapp/target/dependency/javax.annotation-api-1.2.jar
[INFO] Copying jersey-container-servlet-2.5.1.jar to .../simple-heroku-webapp/target/dependency/jersey-container-servlet-2.5.1.jar
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 6.637s
[INFO] Finished at: Thu Jan 09 11:24:54 CET 2014
[INFO] Final Memory: 19M/253M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

Now when you know that everything went as expected you are ready to:

make some changes in your project,
take the packaged WAR (located under ./target/simple-service-webapp.war) and deploy it to a Servlet container of your choice, or
deploy it on Heroku

If you want to make some changes to your application you can run the application locally by simply running mvn clean package jetty:run (which starts the embedded Jetty server) or by java -cp target/classes:target/dependency/* com.example.heroku.Main (this is how Jetty is started on Heroku).

Deploy it on Heroku

I don’t want to go into details how to create an account on Heroku and setup the tools on your machine. You can find a lot of useful information in this article: Getting Started with Java on Heroku. Instead, let’s take a look at the steps needed after your environment is ready.

The first step is to create a Git repository from your project:

$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in /.../simple-heroku-webapp/.git/

Then, create Heroku application from the project and add a remote reference to your Git repository:

$ heroku create
Creating simple-heroku-webapp... done, stack is cedar
http://simple-heroku-webapp.herokuapp.com/ | git@heroku.com:simple-heroku-webapp.git
Git remote heroku added

I’ve changed the name of the instance in the output to simple-heroku-webapp. Yours will be named more like tranquil-basin-4744.

Add and commit files to your Git repository:

$ git add src/ pom.xml Procfile system.properties

$ git commit -a -m "initial commit"
[master (root-commit) e2b58e3] initial commit
 7 files changed, 221 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Procfile
 create mode 100644 pom.xml
 create mode 100644 src/main/java/com/example/MyResource.java
 create mode 100644 src/main/java/com/example/heroku/Main.java
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml
 create mode 100644 src/test/java/com/example/MyResourceTest.java
 create mode 100644 system.properties

Push changes to Heroku:

$ git push heroku master
Fetching repository, done.
Counting objects: 19, done.
Delta compression using up to 8 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (7/7), done.
Writing objects: 100% (11/11), 981 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 11 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0)

-----> Java app detected
-----> Installing OpenJDK 1.7... done
-----> Installing settings.xml... done
-----> executing /app/tmp/cache/.maven/bin/mvn -B -Duser.home=/tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62 -Dmaven.repo.local=/app/tmp/cache/.m2/repository -s /app/tmp/cache/.m2/settings.xml -DskipTests=true clean install
       [INFO] Scanning for projects...
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       [INFO]
       [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
       [INFO] Building simple-heroku-webapp 1.0-SNAPSHOT
       [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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       [INFO]
       [INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.4.1:clean (default-clean) @ simple-heroku-webapp ---
       [INFO]
       [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.4.3:resources (default-resources) @ simple-heroku-webapp ---
       [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
       [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/src/main/resources
       [INFO]
       [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:compile (default-compile) @ simple-heroku-webapp ---
       [INFO] Compiling 2 source files to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/classes
       [INFO]
       [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.4.3:testResources (default-testResources) @ simple-heroku-webapp ---
       [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
       [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/src/test/resources
       [INFO]
       [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ simple-heroku-webapp ---
       [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/test-classes
       [INFO]
       [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.7.2:test (default-test) @ simple-heroku-webapp ---
       [INFO] Tests are skipped.
       [INFO]
       [INFO] --- maven-war-plugin:2.1.1:war (default-war) @ simple-heroku-webapp ---
       [INFO] Packaging webapp
       [INFO] Assembling webapp [simple-heroku-webapp] in [/tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/simple-heroku-webapp]
       [INFO] Processing war project
       [INFO] Copying webapp resources [/tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/src/main/webapp]
       [INFO] Webapp assembled in [72 msecs]
       [INFO] Building war: /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/simple-heroku-webapp.war
       [INFO] WEB-INF/web.xml already added, skipping
       [INFO]
       [INFO] --- maven-dependency-plugin:2.1:copy-dependencies (copy-dependencies) @ simple-heroku-webapp ---
       [INFO] Copying guava-14.0.1.jar to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/dependency/guava-14.0.1.jar
       [INFO] Copying javax.annotation-api-1.2.jar to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/dependency/javax.annotation-api-1.2.jar
       [INFO] Copying validation-api-1.1.0.Final.jar to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/dependency/validation-api-1.1.0.Final.jar
       [INFO] Copying javax.ws.rs-api-2.0.jar to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/dependency/javax.ws.rs-api-2.0.jar
       [INFO] Copying jetty-http-9.0.6.v20130930.jar to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/dependency/jetty-http-9.0.6.v20130930.jar
       [INFO] Copying jetty-io-9.0.6.v20130930.jar to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/dependency/jetty-io-9.0.6.v20130930.jar
       [INFO] Copying jetty-security-9.0.6.v20130930.jar to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/dependency/jetty-security-9.0.6.v20130930.jar
       [INFO] Copying jetty-server-9.0.6.v20130930.jar to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/dependency/jetty-server-9.0.6.v20130930.jar
       [INFO] Copying jetty-servlet-9.0.6.v20130930.jar to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/dependency/jetty-servlet-9.0.6.v20130930.jar
       [INFO] Copying jetty-util-9.0.6.v20130930.jar to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/dependency/jetty-util-9.0.6.v20130930.jar
       [INFO] Copying jetty-webapp-9.0.6.v20130930.jar to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/dependency/jetty-webapp-9.0.6.v20130930.jar
       [INFO] Copying jetty-xml-9.0.6.v20130930.jar to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/dependency/jetty-xml-9.0.6.v20130930.jar
       [INFO] Copying javax.servlet-3.0.0.v201112011016.jar to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/dependency/javax.servlet-3.0.0.v201112011016.jar
       [INFO] Copying hk2-api-2.2.0-b21.jar to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/dependency/hk2-api-2.2.0-b21.jar
       [INFO] Copying hk2-locator-2.2.0-b21.jar to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/dependency/hk2-locator-2.2.0-b21.jar
       [INFO] Copying hk2-utils-2.2.0-b21.jar to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/dependency/hk2-utils-2.2.0-b21.jar
       [INFO] Copying osgi-resource-locator-1.0.1.jar to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/dependency/osgi-resource-locator-1.0.1.jar
       [INFO] Copying asm-all-repackaged-2.2.0-b21.jar to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/dependency/asm-all-repackaged-2.2.0-b21.jar
       [INFO] Copying cglib-2.2.0-b21.jar to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/dependency/cglib-2.2.0-b21.jar
       [INFO] Copying javax.inject-2.2.0-b21.jar to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/dependency/javax.inject-2.2.0-b21.jar
       [INFO] Copying jersey-container-servlet-2.5.1.jar to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/dependency/jersey-container-servlet-2.5.1.jar
       [INFO] Copying jersey-container-servlet-core-2.5.1.jar to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/dependency/jersey-container-servlet-core-2.5.1.jar
       [INFO] Copying jersey-client-2.5.1.jar to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/dependency/jersey-client-2.5.1.jar
       [INFO] Copying jersey-common-2.5.1.jar to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/dependency/jersey-common-2.5.1.jar
       [INFO] Copying jersey-server-2.5.1.jar to /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/dependency/jersey-server-2.5.1.jar
       [INFO]
       [INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.3.1:install (default-install) @ simple-heroku-webapp ---
       [INFO] Installing /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/target/simple-heroku-webapp.war to /app/tmp/cache/.m2/repository/com/example/simple-heroku-webapp/1.0-SNAPSHOT/simple-heroku-webapp-1.0-SNAPSHOT.war
       [INFO] Installing /tmp/build_c46e8b05-3b71-4f86-8c01-d6824fbe7a62/pom.xml to /app/tmp/cache/.m2/repository/com/example/simple-heroku-webapp/1.0-SNAPSHOT/simple-heroku-webapp-1.0-SNAPSHOT.pom
       [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
       [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
       [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
       [INFO] Total time: 13.762s
       [INFO] Finished at: Thu Jan 09 12:34:57 UTC 2014
       [INFO] Final Memory: 19M/514M
       [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----> Discovering process types
       Procfile declares types -> web

-----> Compressing... done, 76.0MB
-----> Launching... done, v7
       http://simple-heroku-webapp.herokuapp.com deployed to Heroku

To git@heroku.com:simple-heroku-webapp.git
   1fda15a..d76bb28  master -> master

Now you can access your application at, for example: http://simple-heroku-webapp.herokuapp.com/myresource

$ curl http://simple-heroku-webapp.herokuapp.com/myresource
Hello, Heroku!

Or take a look at the WADL of the app, at http://simple-heroku-webapp.herokuapp.com/application.wadl:

<application xmlns="http://wadl.dev.java.net/2009/02">
    <doc xmlns:jersey="https://jersey.java.net/" jersey:generatedBy="Jersey: 2.5.1 2014-01-02 13:43:00"/>
    <doc xmlns:jersey="https://jersey.java.net/" jersey:hint="This is simplified WADL with user and core resources only. To get full WADL with extended resources use the query parameter detail. Link: http://simple-heroku-webapp.herokuapp.com/application.wadl?detail=true"/>
    <grammars/>
    <resources base="http://simple-heroku-webapp.herokuapp.com/">
        <resource path="myresource">
            <method id="getIt" name="GET">
                <response>
                    <representation mediaType="text/plain"/>
                </response>
            </method>
        </resource>
    </resources>
</application>

Resources

GitHub project: mgajdos/jersey-simple-heroku-webapp (zip)
Deployed app: http://simple-heroku-webapp.herokuapp.com/myresource
Archetype on GitHub: jersey/archetypes/jersey-heroku-webapp

Create an Application

Deploy it on Heroku

Resources

Further reading